Genetics of seed yield and related traits in biparental crosses of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

Abstract

The yield of okra is consistently hampered by several problems, including outdated cultivars. This usually results in lower quality and yielding pods. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of consumers, it is essential to develop genotypes of okra that are both high-yielding and adaptable. The randomized complete block design experiment was carried out in 2022 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda. The results showed highly significant differences observed for nearly all of these variables under investigation except primary branches plant^-1 and seeds pods^-1. The best genotypes were found to be P5×P2 for internode length (3.59 cm), P4×P1 for individual fruit weight (9.65 g), P3×P1 for maximum plant height (102 cm), and P2×P3 for the largest number of internodes plant^-1 that were recorded (22.5). The highest reported pods plant^-1 (33.5) and seeds pod^-1 (48.5) for P4×P5 and P1×P2 were found, respectively. All features were controlled by non-additive gene action, according to combing ability analysis. In a similar vein, parental lines P2 and P3 demonstrated strong general combiners for several characteristics. Due to their strong SCA effects and good performance per se, P2×P3 and P3×P4 were also exceptional crosses. Heritability studies cautioned against relying solely on phenotypic performance for trait selection. Most crossings surpassed the checks in heterosis, suggesting their suitability for future okra breeding programs. Additionally, inbreeding depression estimates indicated negative effects due to selfing, yet self-pollinated crops like okra demonstrated resilience to inbreeding depression Based on our findings, the top crosses for yield and associated traits were identified as P2×P3, P3×P4, and P5×P3. We recommend further breeding programs utilizing these genotypes to enhance the quantitative traits of A. esculentus.