Epidemiology, pathogenicity and sustainable management of Fusarium oxysporum causing leaf spot disease in Banana: Insights from Sindh Province, Pakistan
Keywords:
Banana, Leaf spot, Incidence, Fusarium oxysporum, Pathogenicity, Management, Botanical Extracts, FungicidesAbstract
Banana leaf spot disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, poses a significant threat to banana cultivation. This study was conducted in Matiari and Tando Allahyar districts revealed notable regional differences in disease prevalence. In Matiari, the area of Tajpur exhibited highest incidence (45%), compared to Soomra Mori (33.5%) and Shahpur (24%). Similarly, in Tando Aallahyar, Nasarpur recorded prevalence of (35%), whereas Peer Kathi and Rashidabad showed lower incidence of (25% and 17%), respectively. Isolation and identification of the pathogen confirmed F. oxysporum as dominant causal agent, with higher prevalence observed in Matiari (64.7%) compared to Tando Allahyar (35.3%). Pathogenicity tests conducted through root-dipping and injecting methods demonstrated significant disease induction, root-dipping method resulting in highest disease incidence (16.5%) compared to 10.5% in injecting method. Root-dipping method also consistently showed the maximum number of disease spots (11.5%), followed by injecting method with (9%). Plant growth was significantly impacted by infection. Control plants displayed (24.5 cm in height), followed by plants inoculated via injecting method at 19.20 cm, while root-dipping method led to most severe stunting with (16.5 cm) in height. Efficacy of botanical extracts at different concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) against F. oxysporum was evaluated. Neem extract exhibited minimum fungal growth (6.5 mm at 40%) concentration. In comparison, Ginger and garlic extracts showed growths of (18.5 mm and 27.5 mm), respectively, while maximum fungal growth up to (98 mm) in control. Similarly, fungicides at various concentrations (50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm), minimum linear colony growth under Topsin-M was observed (3.4 mm at 200 ppm) Curzate and Aliette recorded higher linear growths of (8.5 mm and 17.5) mm, with maximum growth noted at (98 mm) in control. These findings offer valuable insights into developing integrated management strategies to banana leaf spot disease.
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