Castor seed yield enhancement through seed invigoration with KNO3 and salicylic acid through testa removal at caruncle, under early skipped irrigation regime
Keywords:
Castor seed, Drought, KNO3, Seed priming, Salicylic acid, Testa removal at caruncleAbstract
Drought is one of the most critical factors which badly affects crop productivity. A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm, MNS-University of Agriculture Multan which was laid down under RCBD factorial arrangements. Two genotypes, NIAB spineless castor and NIAB castor 2023 were evaluated under no drought and early water deficit condition by delaying the irrigation until symptoms of stress appears on castor plants. Moreover, the castor seeds were primed using, Testa removal at caruncle (TRC) + SA priming 40 mg/L, TRC + hydro priming, TRC+KNO3 priming 1%, TRC + 1% KNO3 + SA @ 40 mg/L. There were three replications for each treatment. The HSD Tuckey’s test at 5% probability level was used for assessing the significance of the treatment means. When there is no water shortage, farmers can use either of the tested cultivar i.e. NIAB Castor-2023 for improved seed yield with maximum BCR through testa removal at caruncle followed by priming with 1% KNO3 + SA @ 40 mg/L. While, under early water deficit situation farmers can still get better castor seed yield and BCR by testa removal at caruncle and priming seeds with 1% KNO3 + SA @ 40 mg/L. For comparable yield, however farmers may use one of the tested cultivars even by removing testa at caruncle and priming seeds with 1% KNO3 under early water deficit conditions.
References
Abasi, S. S., Sharafi, S., & Hassanzadeh, G. A. (2018). Effect of drought stress and seed priming on some vegetative and reproductive traits of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) Var Esfahan. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 12, 75-88.
Abdelaziz, A. I. M., Elamin, I. H. M., Gasmelseed, G. A., & Abdalla, B. K. (2014). Extraction, refining and characterization of sudanese castor seed oil. Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2, 1-4.
Ahmad, J., Choudhery, M. H., Salah-ud-Din, S., & Ali, M. A. (1996). Stability for grain yield in wheat. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 28, 61-65.
Alam, A., Ullah, H., Cha-um, S., Tisarum, R., & Datta, A. (2021). Effect of seed priming with potassium nitrate on growth, fruit yield, quality and water productivity of cantaloupe under water-deficit stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 288, 110354.
Anastasi, U., Sortino, O., Cosentino, S. L., & Patanè, C. (2015). Seed yield and oil quality of perennial castor bean in a mediterranean environment. International Journal of Plant Production, 9, 99–116.
Azeem. (2015). Efficacy of silicon priming and fertigation to modulate seedling’s vigor and ion homeostasis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under saline environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 14367–14371.
Baghai, N., Setia, R. C., & Setia, N. (2002). Effects of paclobutrazol and salicylic acid on chlorophyll content, hill activity and yield components in Brassica napus L. (cv. GSL-1). Phytomorphology, 521, 83-87.
Bandurska, H., & Stroiski, A. (2005). The effect of salicylic acid on barley response to water deficit. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 27, 379–386.
Batool, S. G., Wahid, A., Kiran, A., Malik, Z. A., & Hassan, Z. (2025). Evaluating the effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid on heat stress tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Production and Sustainability, 1(2), 16–37. https://doi.org/10.63072/jpps.25009
Bhattacharya, A. (2021). Effect of soil water deficit on growth and development of plants: A review. In A. Bhattacharya (Ed.), Soil water deficit and physiological issues in plants (pp. 393–488). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6276-5_5
CIMMYT. (1988). From agronomic data to farmer’s recommendations, an economic training manual CIMMYT, Mexico, 5, 23-33.
Elsisi, M., Moaz Elshiekh, Nourine Sabry, Mark Aziz, Kotb attia, Faisal Islam, Jian Chen & Mohamed Abdelrahman. (2024). The genetic orchestra of salicylic acid in plant resilience to climate change induced abiotic stress: critical review. Stress Biology, 4, 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44154-024-00160-2
Hatfield, J. L., Boote, K. J., Kimball, B. A., Ziska, L. H., Izaurralde, R. C., Ort, D., Thomson, A. M., & Wolfe, D. (2011). Climate impacts on agriculture: implications for crop production. Agronomy Journal, 103, 351–370.
Havlin, J. L., Tisdale, S. L., Nelson, W. L., & Beaton, J. D. (2016). Soil fertility and fertilizers. Pearson Education India.
Ijaz, M., Sher, A., Sattar, A., Shahid, M., Nawaz, A., Ul-Allah, S., Tahir, M., Ahmad, S., & Saqib, M. (2019). Response of canola (Brassica napus L.) to exogenous application of nitrogen, salicylic acid and gibberellic acid under an arid climate. Soil and Environment, 38, 90–96.
Jisha, K. C., Vijayakumari, K., & Puthur, J. T. (2013). Seed priming for abiotic stress tolerance: an overview. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 35, 1381–1396.
Khan, W., Prithiviraj, B., & Smith, D. L. (2003). Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160, 485–492.
Marschner, H. (2011). Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic press.
Mirza, M.Y. (2009). Oil seed Program. NARC, Islamabad. National Agricultural Research Centre.
Mohammad, A. A., Abbas, J. M., & Al-Baldawi, M. H. K. (2020). Effect of salicylic acid spraying on yield and it’s components of linseed cultivars. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 51, 585–591.
Mutlu, S., Atici, Ö. & Nalbantoglu, B. (2009). Effects of salicylic acid and salinity on apoplastic antioxidant enzymes in two wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Biologia Plantarum, 53, 334–338.
Nathan, M. V., Stecker, J. A., & Sun, Y. (2012). Soil testing in Missouri. A Guide. Conduct. Soil Test. Missouri. Available online http//soilplantlab. missouri. edu/soil/ec923. pdf (accessed 6 June 2018).
Noreen, S., & Ashraf, M. (2010). Modulation of salt (NaCl)-induced effects on oil composition and fatty acid profile of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by exogenous application of salicylic acid. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 90(15), 2608–2616. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4129
Noreen, S., Siddiq, A., Hussain, K., Ahmad, S., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2017). Foliar application of salicylic acid with salinity stress on physiological and biochemical attributes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 16(2), 57–74.
Ogunniyi D. S. (2006). Castor Oil: A vital industrial raw material. Bioresource Technology, 97, 1086- 1091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.028
Pak Mehr, A., Rastgoo, M., Shekari, F., Saba, J., Vazayefi, M., & Zangani, A. (2011). Effect of salicylic acid priming on yield and yield components of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) under water deficit at reproductive stage. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 2(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.22067/ijpr.v2i1.12017
Panchal, S., Chitrakar, R., Thompson, B. K., Obulareddy, N., Roy, D., Hambright, W. S., & Melotto, M. (2016). Regulation of stomatal defense by air relative humidity. Plant Physiology, 172, 2021–2032.
Raza, H., Mubeen, K., Shehzad, M. A., Arshad, S. F., Ghaffar, A., Hammad, H. M., Ikram, R. M., Aziz, M., Ahmad, M., & Khaliq, A. (2023). Effect of seed priming with salicylic acid on yield of castor bean genotypes (Ricinus communis L.) under drought stress. Pure and Applied Biology, 12, 93–102.
Sadeghipour, O., & Aghaei, P. (2012). Impact of exogenous salicylic acid application on some traits of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under water stress conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 4, 685–690.
Saha, D., Choyal, P., Mishra, U. N., Dey, P., Bose, B., Gupta, N. K., Mehta, B. K., Kumar, P., Pandey, S., & Chauhan, J. (2022). Drought stress responses and inducing tolerance by seed priming approach in plants. Plant Stress, 4, 100066.
Severino, L. S., & Auld, D. L. (2014). Study on the effect of air temperature on seed development and determination of the base temperature for seed growth in castor (Ricinus communis L.). Australian Journal of Crop Sciences, 8, 290–295.
Steel, R. G. D., Torrie, J. H., & Dickey, D. (1997). Principles and procedures of Statistics: a biometrical approach, 3rd edition, pp: 172‒177.
Thongtip, A., Mosaleeyanon, K., Korinsak, S., Toojinda, T., Darwell, C. T., & Chutimanukul, P. (2022). Promotion of seed germination and early plant growth by KNO3 and light spectra in Ocimum tenuiflorum using a plant factory. Scientific Reports, 12, 6995.
Ulfat, A., Majid, S. A., Bibi, A., & Khanum, K. (2017). Evaluation of drought stress tolerance in spring wheat accession based on selection indices. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 46, 217–222.
Usharani, K. V., Roopashree, K. M., & Naik, D. (2019). Role of soil physical, chemical and biological properties for soil health improvement and sustainable agriculture. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8, 1256–1267.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All articles published by JPAA are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License . This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited as specified by the Creative Commons Attribution License.
