تاریخی مرویات میں حضرت ماریہ قبطیہ رضی اللہ عنہا پر تہمت: اصول روایت و درایت کی روشنی میں تحقیقی جائزہ

The Allegation against Lady Maria al-Qibtiyya (RA) in Historical Narratives: A Critical Analysis in Light of the Principles of Hadith Riwāyah (Transmission) and Dirāyah (Verification)

Abstract

Lady Māriyā al-Qibṭiyya (RA), a respected consort of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), has been the subject of certain historical reports alleging impropriety. Such accusations—if taken at face value—not only challenge her personal integrity but also risk casting doubt upon the moral authority of the Prophet himself. However, these claims are not substantiated by sound Islamic sources and are widely rejected within mainstream Islamic scholarship, which upholds her dignity and honored status among the Mothers of the Believers (Ummahat al-Mu'mineen).This study aims to critically assess these claims through the methodological framework of Riwāyah (transmission analysis) and Dirāyah (content and contextual analysis). Employing a qualitative, text-based methodology grounded in the sciences of hadith, the research evaluates narrations from classical sources such as Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, and Mīzān al-iʿtidāl. The isnād (chains of transmission) were analyzed using the principles of jarḥ wa-taʿdīl, revealing that the majority of the reports are weak, disconnected, or transmitted through unreliable narrators—most notably Ṣaḥīfat Ibn ʿUmar, who has been widely criticized by hadith scholars.This study reaffirms her status as a chaste and honorable figure in early Islamic history, and highlights the importance of applying rigorous hadith criticism when assessing controversial historical claims.