Translation as Adaptation: An Exploration of Howell and Caroe’s English Translation of Khushkhal’s Poetry

Abstract

The article is an attempt to explore translation as adaptation.
It examines adaptation as one of the strategies in literary
translation by investigating how poetry translation presents a
challenge in terms of transfer of content and form of a poem.
The source text (ST) consists of two Pashto poems of Khushhal
Khan Khattak, rendered in English by Caroe and Howell. The
study is significant as translation of poetry can help in
introducing a poet in the international mainstream of
literature. As the nature of the study demands, research
method is qualitative in nature as it is based on interpretive
tradition underpinned by Nida’s model. The key feature of the
analysis of poems is adaptation made in the translation in the
form of addition, deletion. In this context, the introduction of
original poems is given, focusing on the subject, theme,
structure, language and tone of these poems.