قتل بنوقریظہ ! ابن اسحاق کی روایت پر تنقید کاتحلیلی جائزہ

Abstract

Abstract

The article critically examines the narrative of Ibn Ishaq regarding the execution of Banu Qurayzah in 5 AH, which describes the killing of their adult males in trenches after the siege of the Battle of the Trench. The author addresses modern doubts raised by scholars such as Walid Arafat, Sadik Kuralay, Noor al-Din Abu Lahyah, and others who question the historicity, scale, and ethics of the event.  The core dispute centers on the number of those killed. While Ibn Ishaq reports 600–900, hadith sources in Ahmad, Tirmidhi, Nasa’i, and Ibn Hibban record 400. The article shows that many classical scholars—including Ibn Kathir, Dhahabi, Ibn Abd al-Barr, and Safi al-Rahman Mubarakpuri—either preferred Ibn Ishaq’s figure or reconciled both by suggesting 400 were actual combatants while 600–900 included supporters. Thus the hadith reports do not contradict the maghazi accounts. Other objections are analyzed: 1) The absence of the number in the Qur’an is not a criterion for hadith rejection, as hadith itself is an independent source of legislation. 2) The claim that only individual criminals should be punished is answered by noting that Banu Qurayzah collectively breached their treaty with the Prophet ﷺ on multiple occasions, which according to jurists constitutes collective breach of covenant. 3) The Qur’anic verse “either grace or ransom” does not preclude execution; jurists hold that the Imam may choose execution, ransom, enslavement, or pardon based on public interest. 4) The different treatment of Banu Qaynuqa and Banu Nadir does not invalidate the Qurayzah case, since each instance involved distinct violations and political contexts, yet all followed the same principle of breach of treaty carrying capital punishment. The study concludes that Ibn Ishaq’s report is accepted by the majority of classical historians and is consistent with Islamic legal principles

Keywords: Banu Qurayzah, Ibn Ishaq, Ghazwa Khandaq, Treaty Violation, Casualty Count, Sa‘d ibn Mu‘adh , Hadith Sources, Maghazi, Islamic Law, Prisoners of War