Tabeer e Nau

جلد :۱ شمارہ: ۱ (۲۰۲۵ء) تعبیر ا نو

Editor Tabeer — 2025-03-21

اداریہ

Editor Tabeer — 2025-03-05

دکنی ادب کی تفہیم کے مسائل اوردکنی اردوکی لغات

Rauf Pareikh — 2025-03-04

Dakani is a regional variety of Urdu spoken in Deccan, that is, certain parts of south India. With the passage of time, Dakani developed its innate, local peculiarities that make it quite different from Urdu spoken in Northern India and elsewhere. Several Indo-Aryan languages and dialects from North, especially Khari Boli, Haryani, Marathi, Gujarati and some local

Dravidian dilaects, have influenced Dakani and its literature. Dakani has not only borrowed vocaulary from these languages and dialects but Dakani's own typtical pronunciation of Urdu words and orthographic deviations have made reading and understanding Dakani texts quite difficult to understand. Since Urdu's earliest literary texts were written in Dakanai, it is of utmost importance to understand these texts. To make undertand these

texts easier for scholars and common readers, some dictionaries were compiled. This article first analyses the reasons that have made understanding Urdu's earliest texts written in Dakani more difficult, for example, words borrowed from other languages, local pronunciation of Urdu words, Urdu words written in different calligarphic style and standard,

as well as differnt spelling rules , etc. The article then describes and evaluates some dictionaries of Dakani Urdu, compiled to facilitate the understanding of Dakani texts. It lists the earliest such dictionary written in 1935 and the latest one published in 2008, analyzing their worth according to lexicographical principles.

برِعظیم میں فارسی مکتوب نگاری کی روایت

Azmat Hayat — 2025-03-04

With the establishment of Muslim rule in India, Persian language and literature began to flourish. Masood Saad Sulaiman Lahori emerged as the first prominent Persian poet, while Hazrat Ali Hajveri is recognized as the first Persian prose writer. Under their influence, a significant number of writers in both Persian poetry and prose emerged, providing Persian with a strong foundation to thrive. Although most of the sultans of the Delhi Sultanate were of Turkish origin, their familiarity with Persian led them to adopt it for the administrative needs of the Sultanate and the royal court. Besides Delhi, cities like Lahore, Gujarat, and the Deccan also became known as major centers of Persian culture during the Sultanate era. With the spread of Persian, many poets and writers across different regions adopted it as their medium of expression. The literature of the royal courts attracted significant works from Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia, where they received official patronage. Alongside Persian poetry, Persian epistles and letters underwent a transformation, with significant

contributions such as Amir Khusro's Ejaz-i Khusravi and Mahmood Gavan's Manazir Ul Insha, both of which hold historical importance. Later, writers like Hakeem Yusufi, Abul Fazl, Faizi, and other notable epistolary writers further enriched the Persian literary tradition, creating a flourishing period for Persian prose. Faizi, in particular, initiated a movement to simplify the complex narrative style, reduce Arabic influence, and make the language more accessible. This movement led to a shift toward writing in a simpler

and more direct style, influencing writers such as Abul Fateh Gilani, Chandrabhan Brahman, Muhammad Saleh Kanboh, and even the emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir. Additionally, Sufis like Hazrat Mujaddid Alf Sani, through their works in Persian, contributed to the development of a more straightforward and expressive form of Persian prose.

This article provides an overview of the tradition of Persian letter writing in India, explores the various styles within this genre, and introduces some of the most important Persian

epistolary writers.

برصغیر کا نوآبادیاتی عہد اور تعلیمِ نسواں –ایک جائزہ

Shabana Aman Ullah — 2025-03-04

During the Mughal era, women’s education was generally limited to the royal and elite classes, with education focused on religious studies, poetry, and basic literacy, while

the vast majority of women had no access to formal learning. Women’s education in the pre- and post-colonial subcontinent evolved amidst contrasting societal attitudes, shaped by traditional norms, colonial influence, and reformist movements. In the pre-colonial era, education for women was mostly restricted to elite families and limited to religious

instruction, with a few Islamic scholars encouraging female education. The British colonial period introduced Western education, which polarized society–conservative groups

opposed it, fearing it would disrupt cultural values, while progressive reformers like Molana Altaf Hussain Hali, Moalana Shebli Noumani, and Deputy Nazir Ahmed supported educating women for societal progress. Christian missionary schools also played a role but had limited influence. As a result, post-colonial saw significant female participation in the Tehreek-e-Pakistan, with leaders like Fatima Jinnah and Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan

mobilizing women for the cause. This marked a shift towards women’s public involvement, but society remained divided between traditionalists, who resisted women’s education, and more balanced group emerged, promoting women’s education within a framework that respected cultural and religious values, fostering institutions that offered both secular and

Islamic education. Women’s contributions helped reshape the role of women and balance between tradition and modernity continues to influence educational policies and women’s

empowerment in the region.

مختار الدین احمد آرزوکے مکاتیب بنام سید معین الرحمٰن

Sabahat Moeen Saeed — 2025-03-04

In Rakmah's article, linguist-researcher. Critic, editor, expert of Ghailbyat and educationist Dr.Mukhtar - ud - din Ahmad Arzoo (14th November 1924 _30 June

2010) with a brief introduction, 15 letters with footnotes are included. These letters are named after the educationist, researcher, editor and expert of Ghalibyat Dr. Syed Moeen ur Rehman (4th November 1942 _15^th August (2005) These letters are in the family of Dr. Syed Moeen ur Rahman. It will be correct to say that Dr. Mukhtar -ud - din Ahmad Arzoo and Dr. Syed Moeen ur Rahman's long-standing relationship is almost 25 years old. Along

with academic and literary topics. This article will help the readers to understand the entire literary situation of the era of literature. This article will help entire literary situation of the era of literature

قاضی عبدالودود بحیثیت نقاد

Malik M. Tauqeer Ahmed — 2025-03-04

Qazi Abdul Wadood (1896-1984) was a prestigious critic.He opted researched based critisim in Urdu. His critical reviews present thorogh critical analysis of literary researches. He remained undaunted, unbaised and rational in his writings. In critical reviews he stately showed the errors of researches besides the points. According to him , the crictic is not a teacher and critism is not the name of comprehension, elaboration, and typifying the text. Critic is stipulate to pinpoint the errors. He is deliberately responsible to show the facts without using honey tongue."Ghalib bahesiat Mohaqiq" "Azad bahesiat Mohaqiq" and "Molvi Abdul bahesiat Mohaqiq" was the pivotal series of his critical reviews. This paper introduces his critical work and also determines its worth.

غزل گائیکی کا تعارف:آغاز و ارتقا

Yasir Iqbal — 2025-03-04

Urdu ghazal and its singing are two different subjects. Much has been written on the art of

Urdu ghazal, but the art of its singing has been made a rare subject. Ghazal singing is a separate and complete art. Its technical principles were in view of the ghazal writers. Music is very prevalent in Indian culture. Thus, the art of ghazal became a powerful plant in this civilization. This article discusses the beginning and evolution of the art of ghazal singing.

Different periods and different styles of Ghazals singing are discussed. Modern styles of ghazal have been analysised in Lucknow and modern times.