JELLL

Defying the Inescapable: Navigating Self-Dehumanization and Examining Human Agency in Contemporary Pakistani English Narratives

Usama Javed Iqbal Iqbal, Sabeen Nadeem, Rashid Behram Khan — Wed, 24 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research explores the formula that power corridors employ to instill self-dehumanization in subjects by exploiting their consented loss of self-identity as portrayed in Jamil Ahmed’s The Wandering Falcon. Principally, the state of humanness refers to the distinct nature and the particular characteristics that distinguish humans from nonhumans. Moreover, it is only the realization of a positive self-concept that provides individuals with an impetus to strive for fundamental rights and resist against hegemonic exploitations. In this paper, I will argue that the subjects in the novel are not merely overtly dehumanized and publicly coerced rather they willingly resign to foster, what Carl Roger terms as, positive self-concept. Moreover, employing the lens of Althusserian RSAs, I discuss how the rules and regulations shaped by jirga and armed forces and designed identity fashioned in cultural institutes silently and swiftly seize all human agency and experiences in the capacity of reasoning, self-discipline, morality, feelings, consciousness of surrounding & psychological states of existence in order to develop an enforced dehumanization in the tribal people in the given novel. The study maintains that the common masses are often tactfully exploited by making them believe that they lack apposite human identity and, therefore, they deserve no voice against the so-called regulations commissioned by the brokers of civilization and prosperity.

The Effects of Motivation on English Language Learning: A Case Study of Gems Public High School, Hujra Shah Muqeem.

Shaheen Kanwal, Muhmmad Ahmad Hashmi — Wed, 24 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In present time, English has reached at the level of global language and everyone has to learn it to fit into the real world and for communication purposes. Motivation is accepted as a fundamental factor for learning a language (EFL). This study overviews the research on the role of motivation in learning the language. In this paper, the researcher explains different types of motivation and reviews several studies related to the role of motivation. The data for this research study were collected online through google form and then analyzed. The findings illustrate that the students have improved themselves in this subject (English) after motivation. 200 responses were collected from Gems Public High school. The study examined many different factors that are having influence on students ‘motivation like their family back ground and parental ability etc. Different students learn English through different ways and to make student interested in learning a teacher should motivate his student because motivation plays a key role in learning a language particularly EFL.

An Analysis of Problematic Vowel Sounds for College Level Students in District Buner

Ikram Ullah, Muhammad Saeed Saeed — Wed, 24 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

Pronunciation plays a vital role in daily life communication. It has great impacts on both speaking and listening. The main purpose of the current study was to analyze the problematic vowel sounds for the college level learners in District Buner. Moreover, it aimed at comparing the formant frequencies (F1 and F2) with the formant frequencies of native speakers. For this purpose, the researcher took 20 words having vowel sounds at the middle position. 20 students were included in the study through representative sampling technique. Their pronunciations were recorded in a sound proof room. The spectrograms of the vowel sounds were taken using PRAAT Software on computer which gave the formant frequencies (F1 and F2). The average frequencies of the target participants were calculated which was compared with the formant frequencies of the native speakers to find the problematic vowel sounds for Pashto speakers. The study is quantitative in kind. Results showed that English diphthongs were more problematic for the college level Pashto speaking students in District Buner. Diphthongs /ɔɪ/, /ʊə/, /eɪ/ and /aɪ/ were found highly problematic for Pashto speakers while the three diphthongs /ɪə/, /eə/, and /aʊ/ were found less problematic for them. Highly problematic monophthongs were /ʊ/, /e/, /ə/, /æ/, and /ɔ:/. The remaining monophthongs were found less problematic for them. The current study left a research gap for future researchers to explore vowel sounds at the initial and final positions of words.

Key Words: Formant Frequencies, Diphthongs, Monophthongs, PRAAT, Vowel Sounds.

Comprehension and Use of English Article by Urdu L1 Speakers in Pakistan

Iqra Yasmeen, Musarat Nazeer, Azhar Pervaiz — Tue, 30 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The focus of this study is to find out the production and comprehension of definite and indefinite articles for the given and the new referents. The study involves 52 graduates and post-graduates aged eighteen to twenty-five years with normal language skills from the University of Sargodha (UOS). There are two parts of the study done in this paper, one is the production task which is based on a picture story (Schroder, Gemballa, Ruppin & Wartenburger, 2012), and the other task is the comprehension task which follows van Hout et al (2010) through the truth-value judgment task. The instrument of the study i.e. the questionnaire is divided into three parts. The third part of the questionnaire consists of the truth value judgment task, in which participants choose the right option by looking at the picture. Production and comprehension of the definite and indefinite articles as a mark of givenness show that participants have a better understanding of given referents as compared to the new referents. The results show that most of the participants responded with the right option for the given referents.

Reading the Unconscious: A Psychoanalytical Study of Antoine de Saint Exupéry’s The Little Prince (1943)

Rubab Raza — Tue, 30 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

With the advent of the 21st century the “traditional boundaries” between different genres of literature have been blurred due to the innovative analytical and research approaches introduced by the contemporary scholars. Therefore besides looking at the entertaining side of the Children’s literature, modern-day researchers are also inclined to explore its hidden socio-cultural and psychological perspectives essential for the balanced spiritual and intellectual growth of a child. In this perspective The Little Prince (1943) by Antoine de Saint Exupéry can be considered an apt example of an apparently children’s novella but with a much deeper psychological thread to explore. The story follows the expeditions of a young prince who visits various planets, including Earth, to gain wisdom, and addresses the themes of loneliness, friendship, love, and loss. This particular Qualitative research is focused on the philosophical observations of the novella about life, adults, and human nature, and draws an inherent connection between an individual’s unconscious memories and his conscious understanding of the physical world around him. In order to comprehend this connection between human conscious and unconscious the research follows the theoretical framework proposed by Carl Jung and discussed by Hamida Bosmajian in Peter Hunt’s Understanding Children’s Literature (1999). Thus the fantasy world of The Little Prince has been taken as an allegory for the better understanding of the Jungian perspective related to the symbiotic relationship between the worldly wisdom and the latent unconscious memories and images of an individual. In this way man’s attempt to acquire conscious understanding of the physical world can also be considered a step towards the spiritual enlightenment of his unconscious. The research is significant because it voices out that spiritual and intellectual growth is a life-long progress which continues throughout life and one’s personal and communal experiences play an active part in this process, as one notices in the case of the little prince.