JAR

دراسة بلاغيّة لألفيّة العراقي في السّيرة النّبوية

Dr. Mumtaz Ahmed Sedidi — 2025-10-30

Alfiyya Fis-Seerah An-Nabaviyah: Ad-Durar As-Saniyah Fis-SiyarAz-Zakiyah is the great contribution ofZain-ud-Din al-Iraqi (725-806H),a great genius who had a unique style in narrating AS-SEERAH AN-NABAVIYAH, as well as he hadmastery in Ilam- Ut-Tafseer,Hadees and Islamic Jurisprudenceof his era.

The present article is entitled as “Alfiyyah of Al-Iraqi in As-Seerah An-nabaviyah: a rhetorical Study”. It deals with his rhetorical work in three parts; firstly a short introduction of Al-Iraqi,secondly an introduction to his poem, and thirdlya rhetorical Study of his poem. In the end conclusion is also drawn.

سورۃ عبس (آیات 1–14): دعوتِ نبوی کے آداب، انسانی وقار اور قرآن کی تقدیس — لغوی، تفسیری اور تقابلی جائ زہ (بالخصوص تفسیرِ حقانی کی روشنی میں)

Zaheer Ud Din — 2025-10-30

This paper offers a linguistic, exegetical, and comparative study of Surah ʿAbasa (1–14), with particular emphasis on its ethical, theological, and hermeneutical dimensions. The context of revelation highlights the Prophet’s ﷺ encounter with the Quraysh elite during which ʿAbd Allāh ibn Umm Maktūm (RA) sought guidance. The Qur’an intervenes to affirm a universal principle of daʿwah: true seekers of guidance, regardless of social status, deserve priority over those who display arrogance and self-sufficiency.

A close philological analysis of key expressions—ʿabasa wa tawallā (to frown and turn away), istaghnā/tasaddā (self-sufficiency/turning towards), and tallahā (to be distracted)—demonstrates the Qur’an’s rhetorical precision. Exegetical debates over the antecedent of laʿallahū are examined, with classical scholars presenting divergent views that enrich interpretive possibilities. The study engages major exegetes, including Ibn Kathīr, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, al-Zamakhsharī, al-Māturīdī, and al-Ālūsī, alongside the insights of Tafsīr Ḥaqqānī, which emphasizes the surah’s subtle critique (taʿrīḍ) of the Quraysh elite.

Verses 11–14 elevate the Qur’an itself as tadhkirah (a reminder), inscribed in ṣuḥuf mukarramah (honored, exalted, and purified tablets). This section underscores the sanctity, preservation, and universal relevance of revelation. Supplementary references to prophetic traditions portraying the Qur’an as ḥabl Allāh al-matīn (the Firm Rope of God), and the spiritual maxim of Imām Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq that God discloses Himself through His Word, further reinforce the Qur’an’s centrality as the unchanging source of divine guidance.

Ultimately, the study argues that Surah ʿAbasa presents a unified vision of ethical daʿwah, human equality before God, and the sanctity of revelation, offering enduring guidance for both spiritual practice and social engagement.

الشیخ محمد عبد الرشید النعمانی(حیاته و خدماته العلمیة و الادبیة)

Khalid Mehmood — 2025-11-05

The eminent scholar, hadith scholar, and critic Muhammad Abdul Rashid al-Nu'mani ibn al-Munshi' Muhammad Abdul Rahim ibn Muhammad Bakhsh ibn al-Tajir al-Saduq Balaqi ibn Chiragh Muhammad ibn Himat al-Rajput, Kajuwahi by lineage, Indian by homeland, Jaipuri by birth and upbringing, Pakistani by migration, and Nu'mani by school of thought, traced back to Imam Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man ibn Thabit. He studied Arabic books from Mizan al-Sarf to Mishkat al-Masabih. He then traveled to the Nadwat al-Ulama in Lucknow and accompanied the eminent scholar Haider Hasan Khan Tonki. He then traveled to Hyderabad, Deccan, and accompanied the eminent historian Mahmud Hasan Khan Tonki, working under his supervision on the compilation of the Dictionary of Compilers. Thus, he gained a complete insight into the history of sciences and a broad knowledge of compilers and authors in various disciplines.

His greatest preoccupation was with studying, providing knowledge, research, and reading, and he devoted himself to these things with his heart and soul, finding no pleasure in anything else. He was unattached to the world and its causes. His only concern and enjoyment in life lay in finding a new book, useful research, or finding an argument for his doctrine that would support him. Sheikh al-Nu'mani's fame spread throughout the world, both among Arabs and non-Arabs. His scholarly standing was recognized by scholars of his time, due to the strength of his knowledge and his valuable works, which constitute a source and reference for researchers and writers. Some of them said, "He is the possessor of sound opinion," while others called him "the jurist-traditionalist." Others called him "the muhaddith of India," and so on. Among his many beneficial works, the most important of his works is his book "Lughat al-Quran" in Urdu, distinguished by its elegant style, unique organization, valuable sources, and reliable and authenticated references. I would like to write a few lines in this article about this valuable book, so that the book's style may become clear to us and facilitate reading for the general public and the elite.

الصحافة والأدب: قراءة في مقالات أنيس منصور وأساليبه الصحفية

Ghulam Muhammad — 2025-11-05

Journalistic writing is considered one of the modern forms of literary art, for it goes beyond the limits of news reporting and factual documentation to become a wide space for artistic and intellectual expression. Arab journalism, since its emergence, has played a crucial role in shaping readers’ literary taste, while also providing a platform for writers and intellectuals to share their ideas. Within this context, the study of journalism cannot be separated from the study of Arabic literature, as both share common features in narrative, rhetoric, and stylistic creativity.

This paper focuses on the journalistic contributions of Anis Mansour (1924–2011), one of the most distinguished Egyptian and Arab writers of the twentieth century, who successfully merged literature, philosophy, and journalism into a unique form of expression. The research is divided into three main sections:

The definition and emergence of journalism: highlighting its global and Arab historical development.
Anis Mansour’s journalistic articles: exploring the various types of articles he wrote, including editorials, daily columns, literary and critical essays, political analyses, and philosophical reflections.
The stylistic features of Anis Mansour’s journalism: examining the narrative technique, irony, persuasive argumentation, rhythmic language, and philosophical contemplation that shaped his unique style.

The study concludes that Arab journalism is not merely a medium of information, but rather a literary and intellectual space where language and thought intersect. Anis Mansour represents a pioneering model in this regard, as his articles illustrate how journalism can transcend its functional role to become a refined literary art form that contributes to cultural and intellectual discourse in the Arab world.

(استدراك الأعلم الشنتمري في كتابه النكت على آراء سيبويه)

HAMED KHAMIS AL-DHAFRI — 2025-11-05

Al-Kitāb by Sibawayh (d. 180 AH) is a comprehensive codex of Arabic grammar and linguistic sciences, serving as a fundamental source for grammarians and linguists who followed him. Due to its paramount importance, it has been the subject of numerous studies and critical commentaries (istidrākāt). Among the most famous commentators in Al-Andalus, Al-A'lam al-Shantamari (d. 476 AH) left a distinct mark on linguistic studies through his works, particularly his book Al-Nukat fī Tafsīr Kitāb Sibawayh wa Tabiyīn al-Khafī min Lafẓihī wa Sharḥ Abyātihī wa Gharībihī (Subtleties in Interpreting Sibawayh’s Book, Clarifying its Obscure Wording, and Explaining its Verses and Rare Terms).

This research, titled "Al-A'lam al-Shantamari's Critical Commentaries (Istidrākāt) on Sibawayh's Views in His Book Al-Nukat," aims to study and analyze these commentaries, uncover their nature, scope, and argumentation, and evaluate their validity and impact on the course of grammatical studies.

The research is structured into an introduction, a prelude, and four main sections (addressing the commentaries on Nouns, Verbs, Particles, and Poetic Evidence). The study concluded with several key findings, the most important of which are:

The commentaries reveal a conscious critical methodology employed by Al-A'lam al-Shantamari, indicating that he was not merely a passive explainer of Al-Kitāb but a thoughtful critic who possessed the tools and methods of linguistic analysis, reflecting his critical development.
The commentaries highlighted Al-A'lam al-Shantamari's analytical depth and precision of observation, as he noted crucial points that Sibawayh did not address, offering clarifications or presenting alternative perspectives that demonstrate Al-A'lam's intellectual independence.
Al-A'lam al-Shantamari’s arguments were predominantly based on evidence drawn from the Holy Qur'an, classical Arabic speech (both poetry and prose), and the opinions of his predecessors and contemporaries to strengthen his position against Sibawayh's views.
Al-A'lam's commentaries contributed to the enrichment of the grammatical school in Al-Andalus and underscored the importance of re-reading the linguistic heritage from a modern critical perspective.

الأثر الأندلسي في خدمة التراث النحوي: قراءة في "النكت من شواهد سيبويه" للأعلم الشنتمري (ت: 476هـ)

Obaid Al-Abd Hamoud Al-Wahibi — 2025-12-10

The book "Al-Nukat" is considered one of the important commentaries in Andalusia that provided a comprehensive explanation of Sibawayh's book. It highlights for language students the importance of Sibawayh's work and the linguistic value it contains. It is essential to explore this work to discover the wealth of knowledge and meanings within the Arabic language, knowledge that has remained largely unknown from ancient times to the present day.

The researcher also encourages exploring the language from several grammatical, morphological, phonetic, and lexical perspectives.

This research paper will be structured as follows:

Introduction: This section will define the concept of correction linguistically and technically, and will mention the commentaries that studied Sibawayh's book from Andalusia
Section One: Poetic Evidence in Nouns
Section Two: Poetic Evidence in Verbs
Section Three: Poetic Evidence in Particles
Conclusion and Results: The researcher will present the findings.
Sources and References: The researcher will consult major books and references relevant to the research.

الطبيعة في الأدب الأندلسي مصدر إلهام ثقافي وإبداع فني (ابن خفاجة أنموذجا)

Prof. Dr. Ali Ahmed Al-Momani — 2025-12-15

Nature represented a significant source of inspiration for Andalusian poets, and among the most prominent of these figures is Ibn Khafajah, who is rightly considered one of the most renowned descriptive poets in al-Andalus. Although his poetry covered a variety of themes, Ibn Khafajah became especially well known for his vivid and expressive depictions of nature. His verses are marked by refined artistic expression, rich with precise similes and eloquent metaphors, drawn from the lush Andalusian environment and its flourishing civilization.

This study explores various aspects of natural description in Ibn Khafajah’s poetry and concludes that while he excelled in stylistic techniques, the most distinctive element of his descriptive approach lies in his innovative combination of natural imagery with the emotional depth of elegy. This poetic fusion—melding the beauty and vitality of nature with the sorrow and pain of loss—represents a bold artistic direction. Nature, in his poetry, symbolizes life, radiance, and joy, while elegy conveys its inevitable end, filled with grief and longing. Despite the inherent difficulty in reconciling these opposites, Ibn Khafajah masterfully achieved a delicate balance through his elegant style and refined poetic craftsmanship, evoking both emotional resonance and aesthetic pleasure in his audience.

Keywords: Nature, Andalusian literature, descriptive poetry, Ibn Khafajah , Cultural inspiration , Artistic creativity .

قصيدة الميمية للفرزدق في مدح الإمام زين العابدين عليه السلام (دراسة تحليلية)

Nazar Hussain Chandio — 2026-01-19

Qasidah Meemiyyah is a renowned Arabic poem by the Umayyad poet Abu Faras Humam bin Ghalib al-Farzadq (641–728 AD), composed in praise of Imam Zain-ul-Abidin (A.S.). This poem is both a literary and religious masterpiece, highlighting the Imam’s spiritual, moral, and social stature. The historical context dates to the reign of Caliph Hisham bin Abdul Malik in Umayyad Period during the Hajj pilgrimage. When Imam Zain-ul-Abidin (A.S.) entered the Kaaba to kiss the Hajar al-Aswad, the crowd respectfully opened a path for him. Observing this, Farzadq recited the Qasidah, praising the Imam’s noble lineage, piety, knowledge, patience, generosity, and connection with the family of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The poem emphasizes that even in silence, the Imam’s character conveys dignity and awe.

The research objectives are to examine the poem’s literary and historical significance, highlight the virtues of Imam Zain-ul-Abidin, and assess its role in Arabic literature and the praise of Ahl al-Bayt. The methodology combines historical analysis, literary and rhetorical examination, and comparative study of sources.

Findings show that the poem integrates historical events with eloquent literary expression, preserves ethical and spiritual teachings, and demonstrates Farzadq’s mastery of language. It remains an influential work in Arabic literary tradition and Islamic studies.

علاقة حي بن يقظان لابن طفيل وروبنسون كروزو لدانييل ديفو: دراسة في التداين الأدبي والفكري

Fuad Abdul Muttalib — 2026-01-21

Studying the process of literary and intellectual indebtedness in the treatise Hayy ibn Yaqzan requires examining its transformations within the Arab philosophical heritage, beginning with Ibn Sina, Ibn Tufayl, Suhrawardi, and Ibn al-Nafis, on the one hand, and its narrative within the vast world narrative heritage, on the other. Our research focuses on examining the treatise Hayy ibn Yaqzan by the Andalusian physician and philosopher Ibn Tufayl (581 AH – 1185 CE) in relation to the novel Robinson Crusoe by the English writer Daniel Defoe (1660–1731), which some critics consider the first English novel. The importance of this study lies, first, in the importance of the two works themselves, and, second, in the fact that the relationship between them represents a fundamental model of literary and intellectual exchange between Andalusian literature and world literature. Ibn Tufayl's story tells of Hayy ibn Yaqzan, who lives in an unknown forest, and nature is his best friend in his quest to find the true meaning of life. Daniel Defoe's story, described as a pioneering novel in English literature, revolves around a man thirsting for adventure who ultimately ends up on an uninhabited island, seeking survival on his own.

The purpose of this research is to explore the meanings of the two novels, written by authors from different cultural backgrounds, and to analyze the meanings based on an examination of the main character's relationship with the forces of nature, humans, animals, and issues of life and death, survival, reason, religion, and the spirit. The study examines the internal and external relationships between them, comparing the two works in terms of their intellectual, religious, and general human content, as well as their artistic form with its various elements: plot, characters, conflict, theme, setting, style, and point of view in the narrative. It has been written that Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe shares similarities with Ibn Tufayl's story Hayy ibn Yaqzan, found in Islamic culture. Therefore, this study examines and discusses some of the works that have addressed the relation between the two works, some of which confirm the relationship, while others deny it.

The study uses descriptive and analytical methods to critically examine and evaluate the relationship between the two works. It relies on the two texts as primary sources, as well as critical works produced on the relationship between them in both Arabic and English.

The study concludes by confirming this process of borrowing, as well as the original and creative aspects of both texts: Hayy ibn Yaqzan and Robinson Crusoe. This research is open to discussion and modification, and perhaps some researchers may see in them what the researcher here does not.

التحليل المستوياتي لقصيدة (لكل شيء إذا ما تمّ نقصان) لأبي البقاء الرندي

Dr. Souad Sulaimani — 2026-01-29

Abū al-Baqāʾ al-Rundī’s poem “For Everything, When It Is Complete, There Is Decline” is regarded as one of the most eloquent texts of Andalusian elegiac poetry, powerfully embodying the moment of historical and civilizational rupture that accompanied the fall of the cities of al-Andalus. Its verses convey an intense emotional charge articulated through a highly refined and expressive linguistic style. In light of its literary and historical significance, the present study seeks to uncover its linguistic dimensions by tracing its various analytical levels, namely the phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels, thereby enabling a deeper understanding of the structural system upon which the poem is constructed.

The central research problem is articulated through the following questions: How do linguistic levels contribute to foregrounding the poem’s aesthetic and semantic structure? To what extent can linguistic analysis illuminate the extra-textual civilizational and cultural dimensions embedded in the poem?

This study aims to highlight the integration and harmony between form and content in the poetic text and to demonstrate how the poet strategically deploys linguistic resources in the service of meaning. Moreover, it seeks to contribute to bridging linguistic studies with the corpus of classical Arabic poetry, thus supporting contemporary applied approaches to the analysis of Arabic poetic discourse.

Keywords:

أسلوب الاستعطاف في الرسالة الجدّية لابن زيدون(ت463ه)دراسة دلالية

Dr. Abdullah bin Mubarak Al-Saadi — 2026-02-04

This research paper examines a literary masterpiece that stands at the forefront of the Andalusian prose heritage: Ibn Zaydun's "Al-Risalah al-Jiddiyyah" (The Serious Epistle), a work that has garnered significant acclaim in both classical and modern times.

The study aims to elucidate the expressive styles employed by Ibn Zaydun to elicit sympathy from Abu al-Hazm bin Jahwar (d. 435 AH), in hopes of securing his release from imprisonment. The paper explores the historical context of the epistle, defines the concept and terminology of "appeal for clemency" (Isti‘taf), and analyzes the linguistic expressions and evidentiary citations utilized by Ibn Zaydun to achieve his objective.

The paper is structured as follows:

Introduction: Provides an overview of Al-Risalah al-Jiddiyyah and the concept of appeal for clemency.
Section I: Expression through Verbal Sentences.
Section II: Expression through Nominal Sentences.
Section III: Grammatical Styles.
Section IV: The Utilization of Literary Evidence and Citations.
Conclusion.

Keywords: Appeal for Clemency – Al-Risalah al-Jiddiyyah – Expression – Linguistic Styles – Literary Evidence.

(أساليب الطلب ودلالتها في نونية أبي البقاء الرُّندي) دراسة وتحليل

Dr. Saif bin Salem bin Fadhil Al-Maskary — 2026-02-06

The art of elegy (Ritha') is one of the ancient literary genres through which poets have long expressed their overwhelming emotions toward the departed, commemorating their virtues and legacies. This genre has produced many magnificent poems that vividly capture these sentiments. Falling under this umbrella is the "Elegy of Cities and Kingdoms" (Ritha' al-Mudun wa al-Buldan), a form for which Andalusian literature is particularly renowned, especially in its laments for fallen cities.

The most prominent work documenting this genre is the Nuniyya of Abu al-Baqa' al-Rundi, an elegy for Al-Andalus. This poem reached the pinnacle of stirring passions, evoking deep emotions, and demonstrating creative poetic structure and eloquent craftsmanship. The poet poured into it his soul’s turmoil regarding the vicissitudes of time and the extinction of past civilizations, employing these themes to mourn a beloved homeland that he witnessed fluctuating between days of prosperity and days of tragic decline due to internal strife.

This study focuses on a notable stylistic feature of the poem: the frequent use of Arabic "Request Styles" (Asalib al-Talab—such as imperatives, interrogatives, etc.). These styles carry specific semantic significances shaped by the poetic context. This research seeks to answer: What was the poet's intent behind these styles? Which "request style" is most prevalent in the poem? And is there a direct correlation between the poet's intense emotions and these specific linguistic choices?

The research comprises:

Introduction: On the art of elegy (The Elegy of Cities).
Section I: An introduction to the poet and his Nuniyya.
Section II: Defining "Request Styles" and their semantic implications.
Section III: Analyzing the instances of "Request Styles" in the Nuniyya and their significance.
Conclusion: Summarizing the most prominent findings of the study.

نحو النص في رسالة ابن زيدون الهزلية

Dr. Mohammed bin Salem bin Khalfan Al-Musallami — 2026-02-06

Text Linguistics in Ibn Zaydun’s Satirical Epistle

Introducing Ibn Zaydun and His Work:

Ibn Zaydun was raised under the care of his grandfather and the affection of his mother, with whom he had a very special relationship, especially since he was her only child. This relationship had a great impact on the formation of his narcissistic personality. He grew up admiring himself and being proud of his youth and handsomeness. His mother’s influence on him was stronger than that of his grandfather.

Ibn Zaydun became passionately fond of arts, music, and singing. All these circumstances surrounding his upbringing had a profound effect on his life. He grew up as a young man who was highly proud of his wealth, lineage, and noble descent, and extremely ambitious, with no limits to his ambition. This ambition later became the reason for his imprisonment.

Ibn Zaydun wrote a satirical epistle while he was in prison. It was conveyed by Wallada bint al-Mustakfi, speaking in her own voice, to Ibn ‘Abdus, who was competing with him for her love. This epistle contained satire, mockery, resentment, and spite, and it revealed the strength and intensity of Ibn Zaydun’s character. In it, he was influenced by Al-Jahiz’s “The Epistle of Squaring and Rounding.” This epistle was later explained by the man of letters Ibn Nubata in the year 768 AH in a book entitled “Sarh al-‘Uyun fi Sharh Risalat Ibn Zaydun.”

Defining Text Linguistics and Its Foundations:

Text linguistics is a branch of general linguistics that studies the text as the largest linguistic unit. It clarifies many aspects of the text, including cohesion and coherence, their types and tools, reference and its types, textual context, and the role of participants in the text during its production and reception, whether spoken or written.

Text linguistics is a type of analysis that employs complex research tools, whose analytical capacity extends beyond the sentence level, in addition to examining the relationships of syntactic components within the sentence (intra-sentential constituents). Relations beyond the sentence include hierarchical levels that begin with relations between sentences (inter-sentential relations), then the paragraph, and finally the complete text (or discourse). Text linguistics is described as the science that aims to describe the conditions and constraints of human communication, as well as to describe its organization.

Most historians of text linguistics believe that it is difficult to attribute this field to a specific scholar, to confine it to a particular country, school, or trend, or to date it to a specific year. However, they agree that its distinctive features appeared in the late 1970s, when linguistic studies during that period witnessed a tendency toward focusing on textual issues and adopting the text itself as a subject of study.

Since traditional linguistic studies take the sentence as the major linguistic unit of analysis, those who immersed themselves in early research on the text sought indications—mentioned by some researchers—that open the way to going beyond the sentence and do not require stopping at it, considering them early beginnings of text linguistics.

Structure of the Research Paper:

The research paper includes an introduction that presents a definition of the author and the book, followed by an introduction to text linguistics and its foundations. It also contains sections that include examples of text linguistics in nominal sentences, verbal sentences, and stylistic structures. Finally, the paper concludes with a conclusion that presents the most important results reached by the research.