JAR

الأساليب البديعية فى شعر حافظ إبراهيم

Hafiz Abdul Rehman — 2025-07-11

In this article, we mentioned the exquisite style of Hafiz Ibrahim. Hafiz was one of the greatest poets and writers of the modern era in the land of Egypt. He spent his entire life in jihad against oppressive forces and was the voice of the oppressed. SO, Hafiz used the colloquial language to make his speech effective. He also used the methods of exquisite science. So that the listener does not get bored, in this article I have embodied these methods (quotation, interview, inlay...) as an example.

Hafiz Ibrahim's style is characterized by simplicity and depth at the same time, as he uses language directly and effectively to convey feelings and ideas. His excellence is evident in the choice of words and their consistency with the structure of the poem, which makes his poems easy to understand and comprehend for the reader, and at the same time instill depth and Meditation.

His style varies between sentimentality, symbolism, and similes, which gives his poems a unique and attractive character that entertains the reader and stimulates contemplation and thought. Hafiz Ibrahim used poetic images brilliantly, as he embodied scenes and situations in a way that stimulates the imagination and stimulates emotions. He used poetic structures in an elaborate manner, and this appears through the diversity of the rhyme of the verses and the smooth and harmonious interweaving of ideas.

In short, Hafiz Ibrahim’s style in his poetry is considered exquisite and beautiful, mixing art, aesthetics, and philosophical depth, which made him the focus of attention of readers and lovers of Arabic poetry throughout the ages.

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البعد الاجتماعي والوجودي بين روايتي البؤساء لفيكتور هوجو واللص والكلاب لنجيب محفوظ

Rula Muhammed Raji Zughoul — 2025-07-11

The novel is a mirror that reflects the social and existential reality of different eras. Through it, literature can address major human issues such as poverty, injustice, marginalization, and the struggle between good and evil. In this context, two of the most prominent novels written in French and Arabic literature stand out: Les Misérables (1862) by the French novelist Victor Hugo and The Thief and the Dogs (1961) by the Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz. In these novels, a critical vision of society and a profound interest in the existential dimension intersect

Les Misérables addresses the issue of poverty and class injustice in nineteenth-century French society, focusing on the character of Jean Valjean, who represents a suffering man seeking moral redemption. Meanwhile, The Thief and the Dogs reflects the tragedy of the Arab people after the July Revolution in Egypt, through the character of Saeed Mahran, who embodies anger, betrayal, and the search for justice in a turbulent reality.The research deals with an analytical comparison between the two novels in terms of depicting the social dimension, raising existential issues, and highlighting the differences and similarities in the writers’ treatment of these issues, under different historical and cultural circumstances, which reveals the unity of the human experience despite the difference in time and placeThe study adopted the comparative analytical approach, relying on the social approach in critical studies as the most appropriate approach for this study. Keywords: (social dimension, existential dimension, Les Misérables, The Thief and the Dogs).

الأدب العربي النيجيري في القرن العشرين: دراسة نموذجية

Dr. Issa Zubeir Atchara — 2025-07-14

This paper titled: Nigerian Arabic Literature in twentieth century: Exemplary study. This paper aim to look into the aspect of an organization of Arabic and Islamic Studies in twentieth Century in Nigeria in different institutions in Nigeria , and its influence in Arabic Language and Religion. The element of poetry in Nigerian Arabic Literature, meaning the emotion and imagination, the eminent scholars in Nigeria in twentieth century, are Sheih Muhammad Nasir Kabara, Shiekh Adam Abdullahi Al-Ilory, Justice Umar Ibrahim. Organization of learning in twentieth century, the new organization of learning was established in western Nigeria and in the North-New Arabic and Islamic schools were established in Kano in 1912 in a place called Gidan Makam to teach pupils how to write and recite, and to teach pupils Arabic Language, Islamic history, Geography and English Language in Local alphabets. Many students use to attend the school in order to acquire the knowledge. This aspect of knowledge was found in the North since 19^th Century. Many Nigeria scholars put more effort in establishing Arabic and Islamic schools in Nigeria in the 20^th century. New school was established in Kano by Sheikh Muhammad Salga, and the school was named as Salga School. Another school was established by Sheikh Ahmed Al-Tijani in a town called Zango Bari bari. Sheikh Mahamud Gumi also established a school in Kaduna. Sheikh Ismaila Idris also established school in Jos. Sheikh Usman Tahiru Bauchi also established Arabic and Islamic school in Bauchi, Sheikh Adam Abdullahi Al-Ilori also established Arabic and Islamic school in Ilorin and also Sheikh Yusuf Abdullah also established Arabic and Islamic school known as institute of Arabic and Islamic Lokoja.

الاتجاه الاجتماعي والسياسي لشعر شعراء الموحدين

Dr. Arshad Mahmood — 2025-07-14

The Almohad state, which emerged in the 12th century, represented a pivotal moment in the history of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula.it Known as Al-Andalus, it was founded by the Almohads, a Berber dynasty, and this empire unified different regions, fostering a unique cultural and intellectual identity while promoting the spread of Islam.

This period was marked by a flourishing of the arts and sciences, as the empire became a center of learning and innovation. Cultural exchanges between Muslims, Christians, and Jews in this region led to the emergence of a vibrant literary scene, while poetry emerged as a prominent form of expression. The importance of poetry in the Almohad era cannot be understated, as it served as a means of political commentary, social criticism, and exploration of philosophical themes, embodying the complexities of the time.

The Almohad era witnessed a flourishing of literature, arts, poets, historians, and artists contributing to a rich cultural heritage. This period was marked by a synthesis of different cultural influences, resulting in a distinctive Almohad style that celebrated Islamic traditions and local customs. Thus, the Almohads not only united their people, but also fostered a vibrant cultural environment that would leave a lasting legacy for future generations.

This article deals the following:

The rise of the Almohads and their cultural significance
The historical context of the Almohads and poetry
The role of poetry in the social and political spectacles of the Almohads
Key poets and their contributions to the Almohads Doctrine

كيفية وضع العروض العربي: قراءة سردية

Umar Farooq M. Abbas — 2025-07-15

It's an unconsecrated, narrative study about how the Arabic Prosody was envisaged, rather discovered and reinvented, in its rules and regulations passed on from ancient Arabs after the centuries of oral tradition. Allusions to the olden as well as contemporary sources have been made to ascertain that there had been meters as well as flaws in the rhyme scheme that the Arabs were quite familiar with while versifying their odes/ poems. The narrative traditions clearly assert that the Arabs of Arabian Peninsula were well aware of the prosodic meters, which they called "Aqra", that were used in Pre-Islamic period to judge and differentiate between poetry and what they claimed to be poetry (like Quranic verses). Al-Khalil bin Ahmed Al-Farahidi, to whom the honour of originating the Arabic Prosody is attributed, did actually collect and assembled the scattered terms and rules that the Arabs had developed for taking as standards for their versification, in which they appear to resemble, in some ways, the poets of colloquial languages in our times. To complete the picture, it’s worth noticing that Al-Khalil benefitted from Sanskrit and Greek prosodic traditions as well, for he knew both the languages, in addition to getting help from his knowledge of music and mathematics. In naming the Metrical Feet (Maqate), he was influenced by the Greek tradition, just like he followed the Greeks in drawing the names of Catalexes (Zihafat & Ilel) from the diseases of animals. However, there are some meters, or metrical patterns, found in Pre-Islamic poetry, that need to be determined and systemized, as they do not correspond with the metrical system of circles (Dewaer) derived by Al-Khalil during the prosodic survey he made into that period. This clearly shows that the Arabic Prosody was not conceived and envisaged by Al-Khalil ex-nihilo, as commonly believed. It’s, however, to his genius for sure that he ably carved out the figure of Arabic Prosody despite the paucity of proper terminological as well as measuring material available to him on the subject from ancient Arabs.

Key Words: Arabic Prosody; Greek/ Sanskrit Prosody; Poetic Meters; Al-khalil bin Ahmad Al-Farahidi; Quranic Rhymes; Poetic Rhymes; Catalexes (Zihafat & Ilel).